What exactly is the GDPR?
The GDPR or General Data Protection Regulation establishes a harmonised set of rules applicable to all forms of personal data processing by both public and private organisations and/or companies. The size of these organisations is irrelevant. The organisations must be established in the European Economic Area (EEA) or target EU citizens. The primary purpose of the GDPR is to ensure that personal data enjoys the same high standard of protection throughout the EEA, to increase legal certainty for both individuals and organisations processing data, and to provide a high level of protection for individuals.
The regulation entered into force on May 24, 2016 and has been applicable since May 25, 2018.
The law defines personal data as any information relating to an identified or identifiable individual. An identifiable individual is anyone who can be identified, directly or indirectly. Different pieces of information that, when combined, can lead to the identification of a specific person also fall under the category of personal data.
Examples of personal data include:
- first and last name
- an address
- an email address
- an identity card number or passport number
- location data
- an IP address (Internet Protocol)
- a cookie ID
- bank accounts
- tax records
- biometric data (such as fingerprints)
- test results
- school grades
- browser history
- a photo of an individual
- a number plate
- ...
What is the difference between pseudonymised data and anonymised data?
Pseudonymisation consists of transforming personal data so that it can no longer be attributed to a specific person without the use of additional information, provided that this additional information is kept separately and is subject to technical and organisational measures to ensure that the personal data is not attributed to an individual. In practice, this may mean that personal data (surname, first name, personal number, telephone number, etc.) in a data set is replaced by indirectly identifying data (alias, serial number, etc.). Pseudonymised data is still personal data and is subject to the GDPR.
Anonymised data is data that has been anonymised in such a way that the individual is not or no longer identifiable in any way that is reasonably likely to be used. When anonymisation is implemented correctly, the GDPR no longer applies to the anonymised data.
(Source: EDPB)